Microsoft tcp ip version 6 xp driver

Type show routes to obtain the route prefix and the interface index of the interface over which the addresses for the route prefix are reachable. Ipv6address is an IPv6 address and integer is the prefix length of the route to delete. You can also send Router Advertisement messages by adding the advertise parameter to the command, for example:. If the ping command is not successful, verify that the address is assigned to the interface named Loopback Pseudo-Interface.

A link-local address begins with FE Use the following command to locate the link-local address of another host on your link also known as a subnet :. If the ping command is not successful, verify the link-local address of the other host and the zone ID. For example, if you have an interface named Local Area Connection , type the following command:.

If the ping command is not successful, verify the link-local address of the other node and the zone ID. If the ping command not successful, verify the site-local address of the other node and the zone ID. To ping the global address of another node, type ping address , where address is the global address of the other node.

To ping another node by name, type ping -6 name , where name is a name that can be resolved to an IPv6 address through entries in the local hosts file or through AAAA resource records that are present in your DNS infrastructure. When you identify the target host by name instead of by IPv6 address, you must include the -6 parameter.

To ping the IPv4-compatible address of another node, type ping ipv4address , where ipv4address is the public IPv4 address of the other node. The tracert command with the -6 parameter traces the path that is taken by IPv6 packets from this computer to another remote computer.

The tracert -6 command uses ICMPv6 Echo Request messages similar to the ping command to produce command-line report information about each router that is crossed and the roundtrip time RTT for each hop.

If tracert is not successful, you can use the command-line report information to determine which intermediate router forwarding either failed or was slowed.

Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported. Download Microsoft Edge More info. Contents Exit focus mode. Please rate your experience Yes No. Any additional feedback? Note Additional parameters are available for this command. Note This parameter adds a route for a specific prefix. When first connected to a network, a host sends a link-local router solicitation multicast request for its configuration parameters; routers respond to such a request with a router advertisement packet that contains Internet Layer configuration parameters.

Stateless configuration of routers can be achieved with a special router renumbering protocol. Renumbering an existing network for a new connectivity provider with different routing prefixes is a major effort with IPv4. The design of IPv6 intended to re-emphasize the end-to-end principle of network design that was originally conceived during the establishment of the early Internet.

In this approach each device on the network has a unique address globally reachable directly from any other location on the Internet. A unique IP address can potentially be used to track the network activity of a device.

Moreover, when using IPv6 address auto-configuration, the Interface Identifier MAC address of a network card is used to make its public IPv6 interface identifier unique, exposing the type of hardware used and providing a unique handle for a user's online activity. Thus the MAC address based interface identifier can be used to track the movement and usage of a particular mobile device.

When IPv6 was developed in the mids, the Internet was not accessed by a large number of mobile devices and privacy was not the priority it has become today. This allows for the IPv6 address interface identifier to be generated randomly. The SLAAC privacy extension also implements a time out, which is configurable, so that the IPv6 interface addresses will be discarded and a new interface identifier is generated.

Typically the time out is configured to 24 hours. So IPv6 autoconfiguration will generate and set a new IPv6 host address every day. This requirement will help to make IPsec implementations more interoperable between devices from different vendors. The packet header in IPv6 is simpler than the IPv4 header. Many rarely used fields have been moved to optional header extensions. Although IPv6 packet headers are at least twice the size of IPv4 packet headers, packet processing by routers is generally more efficient, because less processing is required in routers due to the headers being aligned to match common word sizes.

Moreover, an IPv6 header does not include a checksum. The IPv4 header checksum is calculated for the IPv4 header, and has to be recalculated by routers every time the time to live called hop limit in the IPv6 protocol is reduced by one. The absence of a checksum in the IPv6 header furthers the end-to-end principle of Internet design, which envisioned that most processing in the network occurs in the leaf nodes.

Integrity protection for the data that is encapsulated in the IPv6 packet is assumed to be assured by both the link layer or error detection in higher-layer protocols, namely the Transmission Control Protocol TCP and the User Datagram Protocol UDP on the transport layer.

IPv6 routers do not perform IP fragmentation. IPv6 hosts are required to either perform path MTU discovery, perform end-to-end fragmentation, or to send packets no larger than the default Maximum transmission unit MTU , which is octets. IPv6 routers may also allow entire subnets to move to a new router connection point without renumbering.

The IPv6 packet header has a minimum size of 40 octets bits. Options are implemented as extensions. This provides the opportunity to extend the protocol in the future without affecting the core packet structure. The use of jumbograms may improve performance over high-MTU links. The use of jumbograms is indicated by the Jumbo Payload Option extension header.

The header consists of a fixed portion with minimal functionality required for all packets and may be followed by optional extensions to implement special features. The fixed header occupies the first 40 octets bits of the IPv6 packet.

It contains the source and destination addresses, traffic classification options, a hop counter, and the type of the optional extension or payload which follows the header. This Next Header field tells the receiver how to interpret the data which follows the header. If the packet contains options, this field contains the option type of the next option.

The 'Next Header' field of the last option, points to the upper-layer protocol that is carried in the packet's payload. Extension headers carry options that are used for special treatment of a packet in the network, e. Without special options, a payload must be less than 64 kB. Unlike with IPv4, routers never fragment a packet.

Hosts are expected to use Path MTU Discovery to make their packets small enough to reach the destination without needing to be fragmented.

See IPv6 packet fragmentation. IPv6 addresses have bits. The design of the IPv6 address space implements a different design philosophy than in IPv4, in which subnetting was used to improve the efficiency of utilization of the small address space.

In IPv6, the address space is deemed large enough for the foreseeable future, and a local area subnet always uses 64 bits for the host portion of the address, designated as the interface identifier, while the most-significant 64 bits are used as the routing prefix.

The identifier is only unique within the subnet to which a host is connected. IPv6 has a mechanism for automatic address detection, [32] so that address autoconfiguration always produces unique assignments.

The bits of an IPv6 address are represented in 8 groups of 16 bits each. Each group is written as four hexadecimal digits sometimes called hextets [33] [34] or more formally a hexadectets [35] and informally a quibble or quad-nibble [35] and the groups are separated by colons :.

An example of this representation is dbff For convenience, an IPv6 address may be abbreviated to shorter notations by application of the following rules. The loopback address is defined in RFC and may be abbreviated to by using both rules.

As an IPv6 address may have more than one representation, the IETF has issued a proposed standard for representing them in text. All interfaces of IPv6 hosts require a link-local address.

The process involves filling the address space with prefix bits left-justified to the most-significant bit, and filling the MAC address in EUI format into the least-significant bits. If any bits remain to be filled between the two parts, those are set to zero.

If any other host in the LAN is using that address, it responds. After having generated a link-local address, the IPv6 host determines if the LAN is connected to any router network card with IPv6 implementation by sending out a ICMPv6 router solicitation message to the all-routers [39] [40] multicast group with its link-local address as source.

If there is no answer after a predetermined number of attempts, the host concludes that no routers are connected. If it does get a response from a router, there will be network information inside that is needed to create a globally unique address. There are also two flag bits that tell the host whether it should use DHCP to get further information and addresses:. The assignment procedure for global addresses is similar to local address construction.

The prefix is supplied from router advertisements on the network. Multiple prefix announcements cause multiple addresses to be configured. It remains to be seen if ISPs will honor this recommendation.

For reverse resolution, the IETF reserved the domain ip6. This scheme is defined in RFC The host operating system may be configured with a preference for address selection rules RFC An alternate record type was used in early DNS implementations for IPv6, designed to facilitate network renumbering, the A6 records for the forward lookup and a number of other innovations such as bit-string labels and DNAME records.

It is defined in RFC and its references with further discussion of the pros and cons of both schemes in RFC , but has been deprecated to experimental status RFC IPv6 is not foreseen to supplant IPv4 instantaneously.

Both protocols will continue to operate simultaneously for some time. This is an imperfect solution, which reduces the maximum transmission unit MTU of a link and therefore complicates Path MTU Discovery, and may increase latency. Dual-stack IP implementations provide complete IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks in the operating system of a computer or network device on top of the common physical layer implementation, such as Ethernet.

This permits dual-stack hosts to participate in IPv6 and IPv4 networks simultaneously. The method is defined in RFC A default address selection mechanism, or preferred protocol, needs to be configured either on hosts or the DNS server. However, dual-stack also needs to be implemented on all routers between the host and the service for which the DNS server has returned a IPv6 address.

Dual-stack clients should only be configured to prefer IPv6, if the network is able to forward IPv6 packets using the IPv6 versions of routing protocols. When dual stack networks protocols are in place the application layer can be migrated to IPv6.

While dual-stack is supported by major operating system and network device vendors, legacy networking hardware and servers don't support IPv6. Internet service providers ISPs are increasingly providing their business and private customers with public-facing IPv6 global unicast addresses. The survey also found that the majority of traffic from IPv6-ready webserver resources were still requested and served over IPv4, mostly due to ISP customers that did not use the dual stack facility provided by their ISP and to a lesser extent due to customers of IPv4-only ISPs.