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The stereotypical representation of the Jew: grotesque face, sneering expression, hook nose is identical to the image of the Devil in Christian folklore. The words conveying associations the young readers are expected to remember are printed in red: Devil, thick lips, gangster, Jew; handsome, courageous, proud, German.

The illustration showing the Jew and the German, side by side, represents the situation under Nazism and draws the observer's attention to the Nazi perception of racial differences between the Aryan and the Jew.

The German is depicted as the tall, blond, slender and powerful Aryan ideal With regular features and a high forehead. His shovel indicates that he is a worker. In contrast to the Aryan ideal, the Jew is shown as short, dark-haired, misshapen, bulky, with a sloping forehead and a crooked nose and embodies the Jewish racial characteristics set forth by the Nazis.

At the same time, she uses this image to convey the stereotype of the money-hungry Jew, well-clothed and carrying an attach case in his hand and a financial newspaper in his pocket. The figure of the Aryan appears proud and looks down upon the Jew, who gives him a shifty look and makes a somewhat concealed fist with his hand as though challenging him with respect to money.

The picture showing the expulsion of Jewish students and teachers from German schools depicts what was required by the law of according to which, Jewish civil servants, such as teachers, had to be pensioned off and the number of Jewish students in a school limited to 1.

The last illustration points to the intended Nazi solution of the Jewish problem: the expulsion of all Jews from Germany. The sign, followed by a long line of Jewish figures from previous illustrations, reads "one-way street, hurry, hurry" and as a justification for this measure taken against the Jewish population, the second line reads "The Jews are our misfortune.

Almost all the illustrations of Jewish figures have the following characteristics: The body is usually stocky, sometimes thin; the posture is crooked or bent; the feet are flat; the hair is dark; there is a lot of coarse body hair. The face usually has dark, bulging eyes; a crooked or bent nose; hanging eyelids; a hanging underlip; a heavy beard. In the tradition of the German theologian Johann Kaspar Lavater , Nazi racial ideology used the negative physical characteristics attributed to Jews as an indication of their inferior nature and evil character.

Of the three picture books for young children that I discuss, Trau keinem Fuchs auf gr? The effect of the circulation of these anti-semitic stereotypes among children can be observed in a school composition that was published by Der St? The title of the composition is the sentence on the sign in the last illustration: "The Jews are our misfortune.

Therefore you must respect them. But we say: Vermin are animals too, but we exterminate them just the same. The Jew is a mongrel. He has hereditary tendencies from Aryans, Asiatics, Negroes, and from the Mongolians. Evil always preponderates in the case of a mongrel Der Giftpilz The Poisonous Mushroom appeared in Germany in and leaves little question regarding the intended Nazi solution to the "Jewish problem.

A young boy, Franz, accompanies his mother on a walk in a beautiful, wooded area and helps her gather mushrooms.

After carefully describing and showing Franz several varieties of both edible and poisonous mushrooms, his mother compares the good mushrooms to good people and the harmful mushrooms to bad people.

The most dangerous people are, of course, the Jews. His mother continues her comparison of Jews to mushrooms by emphasizing that, just as poisonous mushrooms are difficult to distinguish from edible ones, it is difficult to differentiate Jews from Non-Jews because Jews can assume many forms. Franz's mother repeatedly alludes to the terrible destructive force of the Jews.

One Jew can destroy an entire people because the Jew is the Devil in human form. The Jew poses a deadly threat not only to the survival of the German people but to the survival of the world!

It is Germany's obligation to warn the rest of the world about this terrible toadstool and thereby save humanity from destruction. Thus begins one of the most insidious storybooks ever composed for children.

Thematically, the book is organized around an anti-semitic attack on three fronts: physical appearance, religious beliefs, and moral values. After the introduction comparing the Jews to poisonous mushrooms, there is a chapter dedicated to enabling German children to recognize Jews. In school during the "Jewish lesson," German children are instructed about the "physical characteristics" of Jews and encouraged to recite them.

Even more venomous are the subsequent chapters, whose stories are essentially assaults upon the Talmud and the moral fiber of Jewish society itself. Several laws of the Talmud are studied by Sally, a boy preparing for his bar mitzvah.

As the rabbi, an old Jew with a long beard and a face that looks like the Devil himself, poses questions and the young man answers them, a pattern of perversion, intended to dehumanize Jews and convert them into the embodiment of an ever-present danger to the well-being of German society, emerges that hammers away at reality, replacing it with distortion.

This pattern is evident in the dialogue between Sally, the young Jew, and the rabbi on the subject of work. Sally mentions the German proverb, " Work is no disgrace," and contrasts it to what he supposedly finds written in the Talmud. In the Giftpilz version of the Talmud, "Work is quite harmful and hardly to be tolerated.

Non-Jews have been created to work and serve Jews The absurdity of such a condition is overshadowed by the emphasis placed upon the German work ethic via the proverb, "Work is no disgrace. In each of the episodes following the discussion of the Talmud, there emerges a recurrent image of the morally decadent Jew attempting to take advantage of the morally upstanding German.

The victims are often portrayed as defenseless young women, children, and animals. Several of the stories have a decidedly pornographic character as is blatantly obvious in their accompanying illustrations. This illustration is from the episode entitled, "What Hans and Else experienced with a stranger. The caption under the picture may be translated as "Here, little boy, you can have something real sweet.

But then, you must both go with me The image of the Jew as an inhuman monster who victimizes helpless Germans is visually reinforced through the use of such grotesque images. The image of the Jewish monster perpetrating misfortune is presented at the end of each episode in the form of a short poem, which capsulizes the specific immoral act allegedly committed by a Jew, connects all Jews to the Devil, and serves to warn the reader against the ever-present Jewish threat.

The episode about Hans and Else concludes with the following saying, which Hans' mother requires him to memorize: A devil goes through the land, It's the Jew, well-known to us as a murderer of peoples, a race defiler, a child's horror in all lands!

Corrupting our youth stands him in good stead. He wants all peoples dead. Stay away from every Jew, and happiness will come to you! Der Giftpilz The Poisonous Mushroom ends with a brief description of a speech given by Julius Streicher, in which he declares that humanity cannot be saved without a solution to the Jewish problem. As with Trau keinem Fuchs auf gr? In the course of my research, I learned that an English translation of Der Giftpilz The Poisonous Mushroom appeared in London in , the same year the book was published in Germany.

After obtaining photocopies of the English translation, I discovered that this translation was just one of many publications circulated during the Nazi period by the Friends of Europe, a group opposed to Nazism and dedicated to providing "accurate information about Nazi Germany for use throughout Great Britain, the British Empire, the U.

Hensley Henson, who in was the Bishop of Durham. I wondered what connection an Anglican bishop might have had with the translation of such a disgusting piece of propaganda and was relieved to learn that as early as , Henson had been voicing his concern about "Germany's religion of Blood and Race, as a menace to Christendom.

Within this compact volume, the Jews are depicted as money-grubbing capitalists on the one hand, and advocates of a murderous communism on the other. They are shown to have control over the professions, the economy, and the government, yet they are considered to be so ignorant that they lower the standards of the German nation. Henson makes the observation that the absurdity of the paradoxical images of the Jews contained in The Poisonous Mushroom would ensure the rejection of anti-semitism were it not for the "dark factors of fear, envy, and fanaticism, which can be worked up into a frenzy of hatred by the sustained and calculated efforts of the State.

Realizing that children are basically very interested in the world of nature that surrounds them, Hiemer constructs little stories centered upon what are generally considered to be despicable traits in certain animals and insects and concludes each story by transferring the undesirable characteristics to the human world via the Jews.

The Jews are the drones of society because do not work but rather live from the labor of others. Like the cuckcoo, Jews are depicted as stealing other people's homes. They are the foreigners who threaten to displace the Germans from Germany.

Other animals included in these comparisons are the chameleon the great deceiver , the locust the scourge of God , the bedbug the blood sucker , the sparrow good-for-nothings , the poodle-mops-dachshund-pincher an inferior race created by cross-breeding various types of races , the poisonous snake the viper of humanity, and the tapeworm the parasite of humanity.

Finally, Jews are compared to a deadly bacteria, which threatens the existence of the human race. Just as deadly bacteria must be eliminated, so must the Jews be exterminated.

Hiemer concludes with an exhortation to the youth of the world to become actively involved in the war against the Jews. Young Germans are cast as the hope of Germany and the saviors of a world under siege by a Jewish plague. All four are idle lazybones, Doing nothing all day long. Look at Rosy from the country! Working hard like any slavey. Yet they drive her harder still: She lives a live, a dog would kill.

Her plight is worse than many a beast; The Jew should pay her well, at least. For Holy is the Jew. The Talmud says it, too. From Jews you get bad value! Bigger and stronger they have become. The German heritage is theirs. The great and sacred Fatherland Stands today as it ever stood. From this picture may be seen, Hitler Youth in splendid mien, From smallest to the biggest boy.

All are husky, tough, and strong. But the Jews they must despise! In far-off South is the country Which cradled Jewish ancestry. Let them go back there with wife and child As quickly as they came! How they roll their eyes As they march along Hurry, Hurry. The Jews are our misfortune. No unauthorized reproduction. My e-mail address is available on the FAQ page.

Go to the German Propaganda Home Page. And we were also on the scene: We Germans midst this motley medley- He gave them all a piece of earth To work with the sweat of their brow.

But the Jew went on strike at once! For the devil rode him from the first. Cheating, not working, was his aim; For lying, he got first prize In less than no time from the Father of Lies.

Then he wrote it in the Talmud. The Sabbath Jew Ikey comes on Friday home. Folks, look at this rare twister, too. It is old Aaron Kahn, the Jew. Owner of a store is he. And all his precious merchandise Is sold by means of rotten lies. Just rubbish worked off on dumb goys.

Aaron Kahn has a purse quite full. These suckers come most willingly To spend their money at his store. But when a hungry man appears And begs for bread with melting tears, Look at the picture over there And see a Jewish sould laid bare. Here Isaac Blumenfeld we see; As butcher he makes good money. But take a closer look, look closely, A rogue this Yid is mostly. See that piece upon the floor, Another the cat has in its paw.

The Jewish butcher never fails; Dirty meat weighs more in the scales. And — please just keep this in your mind He does not eat it, nor his kind. Only Jews, to their dire shame, Could play you such a dirty game!

The Jewish Lawyer Just as children have their fights, Grown-ups have their quarrels, too. The Servant Girl Rosy leaves the countryside. What a creature is the Jew. Not even his own women he likes. To share himself a German wife He thinks just cute. You bet your life! Compare him with this German Frau. He cuts a pitiable figure now! This means no good. A dachshund is never put between the shafts Of a wagon where a cow belongs! Please, oh please, drive him away; Prescribed the proper medicine!

When three have died of its effects, The health of many more been ruined, No Jew risks taking it! Thus Dr. Wehdir makes sure as well That one more Jew is saved from Hell. This is the moral of this story true: Never trust Jewish Doctors, You! Love only Jews. Other tricks performs the Jew, Inspired by his Satanic blood.

Urged on by just this meanness. To him we owe our deepest thanks That German stock remains so sound. That is Streicher!! To Streicher it is all the same. All round the world he is renowned. The newspaper in America, It writes of him from time to time.

Anger and rage do not avail Nor utmost Jewish whine nor wail. Away with all the Jewish breed. Now he leads the way to cleverness, Wanders and plays with us, but yet Keeps us children in good order.

He makes jokes with us and laughs So going to school is quite a joy. In our far-flung Fatherland Many a bit of earth is famous For its beauty and its strength The wealth of health bestows. As on this picture may be seen A notice-board is erected here, Telling for all the world to know Here Jews are not wanted. The German is the owner here, So, friend Yid, best disappear!